Between ‘faith’ and ‘facts’: By what standards should we assess International Criminal Justice?

Sovereignty, International Governance and Global Value

Reckoning with Colonial Injustice: International Law as culprit and as remedy?

Exploring the Frontiers of International La

Effect of dopants on thermal stability and self-diffusion in iron nitride thin films

We studied the effect of dopants (Al, Ti, Zr) on the thermal stability of iron nitride thin films prepared using a dc magnetron sputtering technique. Structure and magnetic characterization of deposited samples reveal that the thermal stability together with soft magnetic properties of iron nitride thin films get significantly improved with doping. To understand the observed results, detailed Fe and N self-diffusion measurements were performed. It was observed that N self-diffusion gets suppressed with Al doping whereas Ti or Zr doping results in somewhat faster N diffusion. On the other hand Fe self-diffusion seems to get suppressed with any dopant of which heat of nitride formation is significantly smaller than that of iron nitride. Importantly, it was observed that N self-diffusion plays only a trivial role, as compared to Fe self-diffusion, in affecting the thermal stability of iron nitride thin films. Based on the obtained results effect of dopants on self-diffusion process is discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 9 fig

Fe and N self-diffusion in non-magnetic Fe:N

Fe and N self-diffusion in non-magnetic FeN has been studied using neutron reflectivity. The isotope labelled multilayers, FeN/57Fe:N and Fe:N/Fe:15N were prepared using magnetron sputtering. It was remarkable to observe that N diffusion was slower compared to Fe while the atomic size of Fe is larger compared to N. An attempt has been made to understand the diffusion of Fe and N in non-magnetic Fe:N

Pulsed laser deposition growth of heteroepitaxial YBa2Cu3O7/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 superlattices on NdGaO3 and Sr0.7La0.3Al0.65Ta0.35O3 substrates

Heteroepitaxial superlattices of [YBa2Cu3O7(n)/ La0.67Ca0.33MnO3(m)]x, where n and m are the number of YBCO and LCMO monolayers and x the number of bilayer repetitions, have been grown with pulsed laser deposition on NdGaO3 (110) and Sr0.7La0.3Al0.65Ta0.35O3 (LSAT) (001). These substrates are well lattice matched with YBCO and LCMO and, unlike the commonly used SrTiO3, they do not give rise to complex and uncontrolled strain effects due to structural transitions at low temperature. The growth dynamics and the structure have been studied in-situ with reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and ex-situ with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), x-ray diffraction, and neutron reflectometry. The individual layers are found to be flat and continuous over long lateral distances with sharp and coherent interfaces and with a well-defined thickness of the individual layer. The only visible defects are antiphase boundaries in the YBCO layers that originate from perovskite unit cell height steps at the interfaces with the LCMO layers. We also find that the first YBCO monolayer at the interface with LCMO has an unusual growth dynamics and is lacking the CuO chain layer while the subsequent YBCO layers have the regular Y-123 structure. Accordingly, the CuO2 bilayers at both the LCMO/YBCO and the YBCO/LCMO interfaces are lacking one of their neighboring CuO chain layers and thus half of their hole doping reservoir. Nevertheless, from electric transport measurements on asuperlattice with n=2 we obtain evidence that the interfacial CuO2 bilayers remain conducting and even exhibit the onset of a superconducting transition at very low temperature. Finally, we show from dc magnetization and neutron reflectometry measurements that the LCMO layers are strongly ferromagnetic

Multi-wavelength photometric variation of PG1605+072

In a large coordinated attempt to further our understanding of the $p$-mode pulsating sdB star PG1605+072, the Multi-Site Spectroscopic Telescope (MSST) collaboration has obtained simultaneous time-resolved spectroscopic and photometric observations. The photometry was extended by additional WET data which increased the time base. This contribution outlines the analysis of the MSST photometric light curve, including the four-colour BUSCA data from which chromatic amplitudes have been derived, as well as supplementary FUV spectra and light curves from two different epochs. These results have the potential to complement the interpretation of the published spectroscopic information.Comment: 6 pages, to be published in "Interpretation of asteroseismic data", proceedings of the HELAS NA5 Workshop, eds. W. Dziembowski, M. Breger and M. Thompson, Communications in Asteroseismology, 15

The Future of International Legal Scholarship: Some Thoughts on ‘Practice’, ‘Growth’, and ‘Dissemination’

Sovereignty, International Governance and Global Value

Environmental Protection and Transitions from Conflict to Peace

bookExploring the Frontiers of International La

Introduction: Protection of the Environment and Jus Post Bellum: Some Preliminary Reflections

Exploring the Frontiers of International La